• Pioglitazone as a PPARγ Agonist: Novel Insights into Macr...

  2025-09-23

  Explore the role of Pioglitazone, a selective PPARγ agonist, in modulating macrophage polarization and attenuating inflammatory processes in disease models. This article presents recent mechanistic findings and practical guidance for leveraging Pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuroinflammation research.

• WY-14643 (Pirinixic Acid): Modulating PPAR Signaling in T...

  2025-09-22

  WY-14643 (Pirinixic A

• SR-202: A Selective PPARγ Antagonist for Immunometabolic ...

  2025-09-19

  SR-202, a selective PPARγ antagonist, is advancing immunometabolic research by enabling precise inhibition of PPAR-dependent adipocyte differentiation and modulation of macrophage polarization. This article explores SR-202’s mechanistic role in insulin resistance, obesity, and immune signaling pathways, with a focus on its unique utility in dissecting PPARγ functions.

• SR-202: Advancing Insulin Resistance and Obesity Research...

  2025-09-18

  Explore how SR-202, a selective PPARγ antagonist, enables precise investigations of nuclear receptor inhibition in insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation models. Learn how SR-202 drives innovation in PPAR-dependent adipocyte differentiation inhibition and translational metabolic research.

• Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit synthesis About this report

  2025-03-03

  

  About this report 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures is a statistical resource for U.S. data related to Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Background and context for interpreting the data are contained in the Overview. Additional sections address prevalence, mortality a

• OCT also is known as POU F plays an

  2025-03-03

  

  OCT4 (also is known as POU5F1) plays an important role in embryonic stem cell self-renewal, development and reprogram somatic cell into pluripotent stem cell [[5], [6], [7]]. Recently, many studies also find OCT4 promotes the progression of many tumors. For example, Wnt/β-catenin promotes the expans

• AHR mediated MMP upregulation has been

  2025-03-03

  

  AHR-mediated MMP1 upregulation has been shown in response to tobacco smoke [32]. Tobacco smoke contains various AHR ligands such as benzo[a]pyrene. Both benzo[a]pyrene [15] and FICZ [13] are high-affinity ligands for AHR and upregulate CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. FICZ is rapidly degraded by CYP1A1 [20], [33]

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2025-03-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Several major signaling and developmental pathways (e.g. EGFR, ALK, KRAS, TGFβ, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin) have been shown to be involved in lung carcinogenesis and they are being exploited as targets of the non-small cell lung cancer therapy (for revi

• In fact serotonin is a major

  2025-03-03

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of

  2025-03-03

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of soluble NTPDases, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in rat blood serum as well as in human blood (Doleski et al., 2016; Oses et al., 2004; Yegutkin, 1997; Yegutkin et al., 2007). In addition, our earlier reports have shown that these membrane-

• br Results br Discussion Dopamine regulates

  2025-03-03

  

  Results Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral responses to nicotine in Drosophila (Bainton et al., 2000), but neurochemical measurements of dopamine after nicotine stimulation had not been made. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the stimulation of nAChRs causes dopamine release i

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs

  2025-03-03

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• During myeloid cell maturation expression of LO

  2025-03-03

  

  During myeloid cell maturation, expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein is strongly induced (60–130-fold) by calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [6,7]. The upregulation of 5-LO mRNA transcription is mainly due to transcript elongation and mRNA maturation [8,9]. Interestingly

• br Materials and methods All animal experiments

  2025-03-03

  

  Materials and methods All animal experiments were performed using the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011) and approved by the University of Colorado—Denver Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult male Sprague—Dawley

• br Conflict of interest statement br Benign prostatic hyperp

  2025-03-03

  

  Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal 6-Bnz-cAMP sodium salt in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2

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