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Some alterations in the integrity of cell membranes caused
2024-09-27

Some alterations in the integrity of cell membranes caused by toxic agents can be determined by measuring certain enzymes released by damaged cells [8]. The cholinesterases, for example, catalyze the hydrolysis of bungarotoxin (ACh) in choline and acetic acid. Theses enzymes are divided into two ty
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Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of
2024-09-27

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of soluble NTPDases, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in rat blood serum as well as in human blood (Doleski et al., 2016; Oses et al., 2004; Yegutkin, 1997; Yegutkin et al., 2007). In addition, our earlier reports have shown that these membrane-
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The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is
2024-09-27

The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is not accessible to Ryuvidine in vivo. Theoretically, therapy with the cytoplasmic domains should be safe. Safety is demonstrated by the facts that: (1) rats repeatedly immunized with the cytoplasmic domains in TiterMax adjuvant do not develop EAMG, although t
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias is
2024-09-27

Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,
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Acknowledgements The work was supported by
2024-09-27

Acknowledgements The work was supported by grants from Swedish Research Council (J.Z.H.) (A.R.M.). We thank Protein Science Facility (PSF), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. We thank Prof. Ralf Morgenstern (Department for Environmental Medic
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Mistletoe is universal name for various species
2024-09-27

Mistletoe is universal name for various species of parasitic plant which grows attached to and within the branches of host trees such as apple, elm, oak and pine. Mistletoe extract prepared from Viscum album, a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, is generally known as European mistletoe
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Nowadays more than kinases have been identified of
2024-09-27

Nowadays, more than 500 kinases have been identified of human genome [2]. Imatinib (Gleevec) was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia [3], and kinases have become an attractive target for the developme
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In considering the roles of these enzymes in
2024-09-27

In considering the roles of these enzymes in normal physiology, given the importance of GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake and glucose-dependent fatty caspase 3 synthesis for systemic metabolic homeostasis (Herman and Kahn, 2006, Herman et al., 2012), deletion of Acly in adipocytes results in a surpris
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In summary this report demonstrates
2024-09-27

In summary, this report demonstrates another successful application of gene editing in iPSCs. Despite the lack of efficient metabolic functional repair after transplantation, the application of gene correction into HLCs might still be a realistic goal for ex vivo gene therapy of liver diseases with
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Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously obtaine
2024-09-27

Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously obtained from fungi in the genus Fusarium isolated from various sources, F. oxysporum from the root of citrus (Nagia and El-Mohamedy, 2007), Fusarium sp. (No. b77) from the mangrove plant (Shao et al., 2010), F. solani and F. oxysporum from fibrou
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Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and
2024-09-27

Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and ɣ-rays irradiation, sulphur and aluminium phosphide fumigation, etc, have been introduced to inhibit the growth of fungi. Nevertheless, due to the potential decomposition reactions and residues, as well as their own potential toxicity, and
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br Depletion of serum amino acids Currently the
2024-09-26

Depletion of serum amino acids Currently, the only anticancer agents that directly target amino NK 252 metabolism are bacterial l-asparaginases (from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi), which are FDA-approved for treatment of pediatric and adult ALL. A potential complication of using bact
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br Introduction Alcohol i e ethanol
2024-09-26

Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic mouse genotyping basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetaldehyde
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br Disclosures br Author contributions
2024-09-26

Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril
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Implicit in this concept is the idea that
2024-09-26

Implicit in this concept is the idea that the β-adrenoceptors in the detrusor would be activated by adrenergic nerves of the sympathetic system: sympathetic activity promoting relaxation and enhancing bladder capacity. However, it has been demonstrated that there is only a sparse adrenergic innervat
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