• Thus while there is ample evidence

  2022-07-02

  

  Thus, while there is ample evidence to rule out a generalized blockade of TGF-ß signaling by Hippo pathway activation upon establishment of cell–cell contacts, more recent studies have established that, in specific contexts, Hippo and TGF-ß signaling may either interfere or cooperate with each other

• Metallothioneins MTs that are intracellular proteins respons

  2022-07-01

  

  Metallothioneins (MTs) that are intracellular proteins responsible for the maintenance of metal homeostasis are involved in arsenic toxicity (Kita et al., 2006). Four major MT isoforms have been reported so far, MT1, MT2A, MT3 and MT4. The synthesis of MT1 and MT2A isoforms in mammal cells can be in

• br Structural studies of GCAP Recoverin was

  2022-07-01

  

  Structural studies of GCAP Recoverin was the first member of this subfamily of Ca2+-binding Milrinone australia to be investigated by structural methods [27], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58]. These proteins have four EF-hands arranged in pairs that give rise to amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains.

• Annexin A ANXA a member of annexin superfamily

  2022-07-01

  

  Annexin A7 (ANXA7), a member of annexin superfamily, is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding protein and possesses GTPase activity [5,6]. The ANXA7 gene is located on human chromosome 10q21, where multiple potential tumor suppressor genes exist. Homozygous ANXA7 (−/−) knockout mice showed a lethal pheno

• DNA methylation is a kind of epigenetic modifications

  2022-07-01

  

  DNA methylation is a kind of epigenetic modifications that can be described as a heritable alteration in gene expression, without any changes in the DNA sequence. Recent evidences suggest that the regulation of DNA methylation status is a frequent and early event in prostate carcinogenesis. For exam

• Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin s mac

  2022-07-01

  

  Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin’s macrophage-based actions [21,22]. First, niacin blocks recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Second, niacin upregulates macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of choles

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Chronic

  2022-07-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Chronic neuroinflammation underlies the pathogenesis of HAND (Saylor et al., 2016, Sodhi et al., 2004). Infected immune cells release viral proteins and inflammatory factors which act on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons to produce the synaptodendri

• Several groups studied CTD mouse models which largely mimick

  2022-07-01

  

  Several groups studied CTD mouse models, which largely mimicked the symptoms (i.e. impaired cognition and autistic-like behaviour) of the human disease (Kurosawa et al., 2012; Baroncelli et al., 2016; Stockebrand, 2018). The CRT-1 knockout mice showed a drastic deterioration in the GABAergic system,

• Glial cells have emerged as important

  2022-07-01

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• br Author contribution br Declaration

  2022-07-01

  

  Author contribution Declaration of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81473093) and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM1601ZZ-02). Introduction Diabetes represents a majo

• GPR can signal through not only

  2022-07-01

  

  GPR40 can signal through not only IP3 but also cAMP depending upon the type of agonist ligand used. A full agonist engages both signaling mechanisms in contrast to the endogenous long-chain fatty 1478 (LCFA) ligands and partial agonists. Thus, stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by the synt

• br The concept of the axo

  2022-07-01

  

  The concept of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ Axons can release glutamate in a Ca+-dependent and independent manner (reviewed in [13,69]). Glutamate released from axons activates GluRs located in myelin, a feature that gave rise to the idea of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ by analogy with classical synaptic

• BCECF-AM The following are the supplementary data related to

  2022-07-01

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 24770068 and 15K07152. Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) help maintain the genetic code by recognizing their cognate

• br Results br Discussion Using

  2022-07-01

  

  Results Discussion Using a novel viral vector for norepinephrine-targeted gene deletion, we have shown that glucocorticoid receptor SBI-0206965 from locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons reduces social interaction specifically in female mice. This effect is not attributable to changes in nov

• LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV d glucose complex

  2022-07-01

  

  LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV-d-glucose complex (PDB entry 3IDH) [17] were superimposed from individual subunits. The active site regions revealed the key imidazole binding residues to be present for LbGlcK; also, the superposition showed that HsHxKIV had residues that were absent in LbGlcK, such as K169

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